Wonke umntu uqhelene namasuntswana ongcoliseko lomoya afana ne-smog kunye ne-PM2.5.Ngapha koko, sibandezeleke ngabo iminyaka emininzi.Nangona kunjalo, amasuntswana anjenge-smog kunye ne-PM2.5 ahlala ebonwa njengemithombo yongcoliseko lomoya lwangaphandle.Wonke umntu unokungaqondani kwendalo kubo, ecinga ukuba nje ukuba ugoduka kwaye uvale iifestile, unokukwahlula ungcoliseko.Njengoko wonke umntu esazi, ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi ngoyena mbulali ungabonakaliyo.
Ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi yeyona nto sihlala sidibana nayo kwaye inelona xesha lide lokuvezwa.Emva kokufikelela kwinqanaba elithile emoyeni, kuya kuba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni kwaye kubangele izifo.Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi lwenziwa lungcoliseko olwenziwa ngaphakathi kunye nongcoliseko olungena kwigumbi luvela ngaphandle.
Xa i-index ye-AQI yomoya yangaphandle iphantsi, ngaphandle kunempembelelo encinci kungcoliseko lomoya wangaphakathi, kwaye ukuvula iifestile zokungenisa umoya kunceda ukuhlambulula izinto ezingcolisa ngaphakathi.Nangona kunjalo, xa isalathisi se-AQI somoya wangaphandle siphezulu kwaye ungcoliseko lunzulu, njengemozulu yomsi, ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi luya kuphinda lubekwe phezulu.
Imithombo yongcoliseko eqhelekileyo yangaphakathi ikakhulu zingcoliseko ezikhutshwa ngokuziphatha okutsha okufana nokutshaya nokupheka.Ugxininiso luphezulu kwaye inani lamaxesha okukhululwa liphezulu, kwaye amasuntswana amahle nawo abhengezwa ngamakhethini angaphakathi kunye neesofa, okukhokelela kungcoliseko lwexesha elide kunye neepateni zokucotha zokukhulula.Njengesandla sesithathuukutshaya.
Okwesibini, ifenitshala ekumgangatho ophantsi, ifenitshala entsha kraca okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi, kunye nezinto eziguquguqukayo ezinje ngogwebu lwangaphakathi kunye neplastiki ziya kutshisa izinto ezingcolisa izinto eziyingozi, ezifana ne-formaldehyde!Olu hlobo lwevumba elirhabaxa lunokwenza abantu balumke, kodwa izinto ezingcolisa igesi ezingenambala nezingenavumba ezifana netoluene kulula ukuzithatha kancinci.
NgoJulayi ka-2022, iKomishoni yezeMpilo yeSizwe yakhupha ngokusemthethweni umgangatho ocetyiswayo "uMgangatho woMgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi" (GB/T 18883-2022) (emva koku ubizwa ngokuba "nguMgangatho"), umgangatho wokuqala ocetyiswayo ohlaziyiweyo kwilizwe lam kwiminyaka engama-20 edluleyo. iminyaka.
"I-Standard" yongeze izikhombisi ezintathu ze-indoor air fine particulate matter (PM2.5), i-trichlorethylene kunye ne-tetrachlorethylene, kwaye ilungelelanise imida yezalathi ezintlanu (nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, benzene, total bacteria, radon).Kwi-PM2.5 esanda kudityaniswa, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-avareji yeeyure ezingama-24 alidluli kwi-50µg/m³, kwaye kwi-particulate ekhoyo ekhoyo ephefumlayo (PM10), ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lomndilili weeyure ezingama-24 alidluli kwi-100µg/m³ .
Okwangoku, ukuphuculwa komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kugxile ikakhulu ekunciphiseni okanye ekususweni kongcoliseko lwamasuntswana.Iinjongo zokususa uninzi lwabacoci bomoya kuqala zikhomba ungcoliseko.Njengoko ziya zisanda iintsapho neenkampani eziqhelana nendima yezicoci zomoya, abantu abaninzi ngakumbi bakulungele ukuthenga izixhobo zokucoca umoya ukuze bakhusele impilo yeentsapho zabo nabaqeshwa babo.
Kwangaxeshanye, kwalandela amazwi athile aphikisayo.Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba abahlambululi bomoya bayi "rhafu ye-IQ" entsha, ingcamango eye yaxutywa kwaye yapapashwa, kwaye ayinako ngokwenene ukuphucula nokukhusela impilo yethu.
Ke ngaba abacoci bomoya ngenene "iirhafu ze-IQ"?
Isikolo seMpilo yoLuntu yeYunivesithi yaseFudan kunye ne-Shanghai Environmental Protection Industry Association ihlolisise imiphumo yokucoca umoya kwimpilo evela kwiziphumo zophando olupapashiweyo malunga nabahlambululi bomoya kunye nempilo yabantu.
Okwangoku, uphando malunga neziphumo zempilo zabacoci bomoya bangaphakathi okanye iinkqubo zomoya omtsha ezidityanisiweyo kwimpilo yabemi ubukhulu becala yamkela indlela yoyilo “yophando longenelelo”, oko kukuthi, ukuthelekisa abantu ngaphambi nasemva kokusebenzisa izicoci zomoya, okanye ukuthelekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokucoca umoya. Izicoci zomoya “zokwenyani” (ngokuhluza Utshintsho olungqanyanisiweyo kumgangatho womoya kunye nezalathi zesiphumo sempilo yabantu phakathi kwesicoci somoya “somgunyathi” (kunye nemodyuli yokucoca isusiwe). Ugxininiso lwabantu lutshintshile ngongenelelo kunye nobude bongenelelo.Ininzi yezifundo ezikhoyo zingenelelo lwexesha elifutshane, kwaye iziphumo zempilo ezibandakanyekayo zigxininiswe kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphefumula kunye nemiphumo yempilo ye-cardiovascular, nazo zimbini iingxaki zempilo. awona achatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kungcoliseko lomoya kwaye anowona mthwalo unzima wezifo Masikhe siphonononge le miba mibini kunye.
Ungenelelo loMgangatho woMoya wangaphakathi kunye nempilo yokuphefumla
Ukuvezwa kwizinto ezingcolisa umoya ezingaphakathi kwandisa umngcipheko wezifo ezinxulumene nokuphefumla.Ngokuchasene noko, ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokucoca umoya ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi kunokujongwa ukuphucula izikhombisi zokudumba kwendlela yomoya kunye nezinye izalathisi zokusebenza kwemiphunga.I-FeNO (i-exhaled nitric oxide) yenye yezibonakaliso ezibonisa izinga lokuvuvukala kwindlela yokuphefumula ephantsi.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonisa ukuba xa kugxilwa kwizigulane ezinezifo zokuphefumula ezikhoyo, ukungenelela komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunempembelelo ebalulekileyo yokukhusela kwimpilo yenkqubo yokuphefumula.Kwizigulane ezine-rhinitis ye-allergenic, uphando lubonise ukuba ngenxa yokungenelela kwezicoci zomoya, iimpawu ze-rhinitis kwizigulane ezine-pollen allergy ziphuculwe kakhulu.
Iziphumo zophando eziyeleleneyo eMzantsi Korea zikwabonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-HEPA (iModyuli yokuFaneka koMoya oPhezulu) izicoci zomoya zinciphisa kakhulu imfuno yamayeza kwizigulana ezine-rhinitis engavumiyo.
Kwizigulane ezine-asthmatic, izehlo ze-asthmatic reactions zakuqala zaziphantsi kakhulu kwizigulane ezisebenzisa izicoci zomoya;kwangaxeshanye, izicoci zomoya zithintele ukusabela kade kwesifuba.
Kwaye kwaphawulwa ukuba ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwesicoci somoya, ukuphindaphindwa kokusetyenziswa kwamayeza kubantwana abanesifo sombefu kwancitshiswa kakhulu, kwaye inani leentsuku apho i-asthmatics yayingenazo iimpawu landa kakhulu.
Ungenelelo lomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunye nempilo ye-cardiovascular
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ukuvezwa kwi-PM2.5 yendawo yokuhlala kunokunyusa kakhulu isifo senhliziyo kunye nokufa, ngaphezu kokwandisa iimpawu zesifo senhliziyo.Ngamanye amaxesha ukuvezwa kwexesha elifutshane kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi kakhulu, ezifana nezingqisho zentliziyo ezibulalayo.Izitenxo, i-myocardial infarction, ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo, ukubanjwa kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, njl.
Ngokungenelela komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, njengokusetyenziswa kwezicoci zomoya ze-HEPA, ngokusebenzisa i-multi-layer structure, izinto ezingcolileyo zithintelwa umaleko, ukwenzela ukuba kufezekiswe umphumo wokucoca umoya.Ukusebenzisa izicoci zomoya ze-HEPA kunokucoca i-81.7% yento encinci emoyeni xa upheka ngaphakathi, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuxinwa kwe-particulate matter yangaphakathi.
Iziphumo zokungenelela kwexesha elifutshane lokucoca umoya wangaphakathi zibonisa ukuba ukungenelela kwexesha elifutshane lokucoca umoya kunokuba luncedo kwimpilo ye-cardiovascular.Nangona umphumo obalulekileyo wokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwixesha elifutshane lingabonakali, linenzuzo ebonakalayo kulawulo lwe-cardiac autonomic function (ukuhluka kwentliziyo).Ukongeza, ikwanokuncipha okucacileyo kunye neziphumo zophuculo kwizalathisi zebhayoloji ezivuthayo kwigazi lomntu, i-coagulation ye-cardiovascular system, umonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative kunye nezinye izikhombisi, kwaye ineziphumo ezicacileyo ngexesha elifutshane.Izifundo zophononongo ze-PM2.5 zinezinga eliphezulu loxinzelelo lwegazi kunye neempawu zegazi ezivuthayo ze-peripheral, kunye nokungenelela kokucoca umoya kubangele ukuhla okubonakalayo kwi-PM2.5 yangaphakathi.
Kwezinye iimvavanyo zexesha elide zongenelelo lomgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, ezinye izifundo ziye zaqaphela ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide lezinto zokucoca umoya zokungenelela kunokunciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi lwezifundo kwaye kudlale indima ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Ngokubanzi, ngokusekwe kwizifundo ezipapashiweyo, uninzi lwezifundo zongenelelo lusebenzise uyilo olulawulwayo oluyimfama oluphindwe kabini (i-crossover), inqanaba lobungqina liphezulu, kwaye iziza zophando zezezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo ezibandakanya izindlu, izikolo, izibhedlele kunye noluntu. iindawo Linda.Uninzi lwezifundo zisebenzisa izicoci zomoya zangaphakathi njengeendlela zokungenelela (zombini iimpawu zasekhaya nezangaphandle), kwaye ezinye zisetyenzisiwe amanyathelo ongenelelo apho iinkqubo zomoya omtsha wangaphakathi kunye nezixhobo zokucoca zavulwa ngaxeshanye.Ukuhlanjululwa komoya okubandakanyekayo kukususwa kwe-particulate ephezulu kunye nokucoca (HEPA).Kwangaxeshanye, inophando kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-ion engalunganga yokucoca umoya, ikhabhoni esebenzayo, ingqokelela yothuli lwe-electrostatic kunye nobunye ubugcisa.Ubude bexesha lophando ngempilo yabemi liyahluka.Ukuba ukujongwa komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kulula, ixesha lokungenelela lihlala livela kwi-1 yeveki ukuya kwi-1 ngonyaka.Ukuba ukubekwa esweni komgangatho wokusingqongileyo kunye nemiphumo yezempilo kuqhutyelwa ngexesha elifanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphononongo lwexesha elifutshane kunye nomlinganiselo omkhulu.Uninzi luphakathi kweeveki ezi-4.
Ngelixa uphucula umgangatho womoya wangaphakathi, ukucocwa komoya wangaphakathi kunokuphucula ukugxila, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesikolo, kunye nomgangatho wokulala wabafundi okanye abantu.
Ukungenelela okusebenzayo komgangatho womoya wangaphakathi kunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcoliseka kwegesi yangaphakathi, ngaloo ndlela ikhusela impilo yethu.Ingakumbi xa ixesha lasekhaya lisiba lide, abacoci bomoya banokukhapha ukunciphisa ungcoliseko lomoya ongaphakathi, ukucoca umoya ongaphakathi, nokukhusela impilo yomzimba.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezicoci zomoya kuya kuba yenye yeendlela zethu ezisebenzayo zokuthintela izifo kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga, kunokuba abanye abantu babiza ngokuthi "pseudoscience" kunye ne "IQ tax".Ewe, emva kokuba isicoci somoya sisetyenziselwe ixesha elithile,isihluzokufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo, ukucoca kunye nokugcinwa kufuneka kwenziwe, kwaye ingqwalasela kufuneka ihlawulwe ukuphepha ukwenzeka kweemveliso ezingafunekiyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-25-2022