IiCoronavirus zinokosulela ngohlobo lwamathontsi, inani elincinci lazo linokudluliselwa ngokunxibelelana * 13, kwaye zinokudluliselwa nge-fecal-oral * 14, kwaye ngoku ithathwa ngokuba isasazwa yi-aerosols.
Usasazo lwe-Droplet lugqithiso olukumgama omfutshane kunye noluhlu lweemitha ezimbalwa kuphela, ngelixa ii-aerosols zinokuhambela kude.
Ngokomzekelo, i-sneeze iqulethe malunga namaconsi angama-40,000, apho amaconsi amakhulu a> 60 microns, kunye namaconsi amancinci angama-10-60 microns.Kuba ukufuma kwe-ambient akufikeleli kwi-100% ye-RH, amathontsi aya kuqalisa ukuba ngumphunga ngoko nangoko.Emva kwexesha, amathontsi aya kuba yi-droplet nuclei * 1 ye-0.5-12 microns.
Ukongeza kokukhohlela, ukukhohlela kuya kuvelisa malunga ne-3000 ye-droplet nuclei, elingana ne-droplet nuclei eveliswa ngumntu oqhelekileyo othetha imizuzu emi-5 * 2 Isantya sokuqala samaconsi akhutshwa ngokukrazula siphezulu kakhulu, malunga ne-100m / s, ngoko ke inokunwenwa kwiimitha ezininzi Amathontsi aveliswa kukuphefumla okuqhelekileyo nawo anokuphefumlelwa ngabantu abakwimitha e-1*4.
Undoqo we-aerosol ligama eliqhelekileyo lamasuntswana aqinileyo okanye amasuntswana angamalwelo axhonywe emoyeni.I-PM2.5 edume kakubi yi-aerosol enobubanzi(eneneni i-diameter ye-aerodynamic) engaphantsi kwe-2.5 microns.Emva kokuba amaconsi athwele isixa esikhulu sentsholongwane ekhutshiwe emzimbeni womntu, aya kuba ngumphunga, acuthe ngobukhulu, kwaye inxalenye yawo iya kuwa emhlabeni.Inxalenye exhonywe emoyeni iyakwenza i-aerosol ethwele intsholongwane.
Okukhona ubungakanani buncinci, kokukhona i-aerosol iya kuhamba umgama omkhudlwana-kuba ii-aerosols ezincinci azinakukwazi ukuhlala ngokukhawuleza, ziya kuhamba ngakumbi ngokuhamba komoya.
Ngokomzekelo, i-aerosol ethwele intsholongwane enobubanzi be-microns eyi-100 iya kuhlala kwimizuzwana eyi-10, i-aerosol ye-20 microns iya kuhlala kwimizuzu emi-4, kunye ne-aerosol ye-10 microns iya kuhlala kwimizuzu eyi-17.Nangona kunjalo, i-aerosols ye-1 micron kunye nencinci iya kunqunyanyiswa emoyeni phantse "ngokusisigxina" * 5 (ngaphezu kweeyure ezimbalwa, okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa).Olu phawu lwenza ukuba i-aerosol ethwele intsholongwane ikwazi ukosuleleka ixesha elide.
Ngaba izihluzi zokucoca umoya zibamba ii-aerosols ezinobungakanani beVirus?
Ngamafutshane: uninzi luyakwenza, nangona kunjalo, ezinye ziya kuhluza ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ezinye ziya kuhluza ngokufanelekileyo.Ezinye zihluza ngokukhawuleza kwaye ezinye zicoca kancinane.Kubasebenzisi abaqhelekileyo, kuya kufuneka ukhethe enye enokuhluza okuphezulu kunye nesantya sokuhluza ngokukhawuleza.
Qaphela: [Ucikizeko oluPhezulu] kuthetha ukuba intsholongwane inethuba eliphezulu lokuba ibanjwe xa idlula kwinto yokucoca.[Isantya sokuhluza okukhawulezayo] kuthetha ukuba iintsholongwane ezininzi zidlula kwindawo yokucoca ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye zombini zibaluleke ngokulinganayo.Uninzi lwabasebenzisi be-novice bahlala bebona kuphela [ukusebenza okuphezulu] kwaye bangayihoyi [isantya sokuhluza okukhawulezayo], okuya kukhokelela: nangona into yokucoca inokubamba phantse i-100% yentsholongwane ye-aerosol ehamba kuyo, i-aerosol yentsholongwane edlula kwindawo yokucoca nayo nayo. kancinci, ii-aerosols ezisemoyeni ziwa ngokucothayo, nto leyo ekhokelela kusulelo olutsha.
(1) YiyiphiIzinto zokucoca zinokusebenza okuphezulu?
Ngokomgangatho waseMelika we-ASHRAE 52.2, ukusebenza kakuhle kohluzo lwezihluzo ezisetyenziswa ekungeneni komoya kuhlelwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo (MERV1-MERV16):
Ibakala lokucoca ngaphezulu kwe-MERV16 yi-HEPA.Isihluzi esifanayo sinobuchule obahlukeneyo bokuhluza kwii-aerosols zobukhulu obahlukeneyo.Ngokwalo mzobo ungezantsi, siyabona ukuba isihluzi sinobucukubhede obubi bokusebenza kwee-aerosols kwisikali se-0.1 micron ukuya kwi-1 micron.Nangona kunjalo, izinto zokucoca i-MERV16 kunye namabanga aphezulu e-HEPA Isihluzi se-filter element * 11 inesiphumo esihle sokucoca kolu luhlu lwe-aerosols, kwaye izinga lokususa linokufikelela kwi-95% okanye nangaphezulu.
Ngoko ke, akukho mathandabuzo ukuba abasebenzisi kufuneka bakhethe aicebo lokucoca ngentla MERV16 – HEPA isihluzo element.
Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, izinto zokucoca umoya zaseTshayina akufuneki ziphawule ibakala lokuhluza.Izinto zokucoca ezifanelekileyo (iziqalelo zokucoca ngaphezulu kwebakala MERV16) zinala mazwi alandelayo:
"H13/H12/E12 into yokucoca / isihluzi / isikrini sokucoca / iphepha lokucoca"
"I-99.5% (okanye i-99.95%) yokucoca i-0.3μm micron amasuntswana / i-aerosols"
abantu bakwabuza INGABE izihluzi ze-HEPA zikhusela kwi-COVID
(2) Yiyiphiinto yokucocaunesona santya sikhawulezayo sokuhluza?
Ngapha koko, oku akufuni kuphela ukuchasana okuphantsi kwento yokucoca, kodwa ikwafuna umthamo omkhulu womoya wefeni.Isantya sokucoca okukhawulezayo sesihluzo sithetha ukuba ii-aerosols ezinentsholongwane zihlala emoyeni ixeshana elifutshane, kwaye ziya kubanjwa yinto yokucoca ngoko nangoko, ngokulandela le migaqo ilandelayo:
Ixesha eliphakathi leeerosols ezinentsholongwane ezihlala emoyeni ∝ umthamo wegumbi/CADR
Oko kukuthi, i-CADR enkulu yokucoca umoya, ifutshane ixesha eliqhelekileyo apho i-aerosol ihlala emoyeni.
Ukwenza umzekelo olula, kwigumbi lokulala leemitha ezili-square ezili-15 (i-2.4 yeemitha eziphakamileyo), ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo lokungena umoya we-0.3 ngeyure, ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokuba i-aerosols ephethe i-virus ihlale emoyeni yi-3.3 iiyure.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isicoci somoya esine-CADR=120m³/h sivulwa kwigumbi, ixesha eliphakathi lee nuclei zamathontsi elisemoyeni liya kuncitshiswa libe yimizuzu eli-18 (ukuba iingcango neefestile zivaliwe).
Isishwankathelo: Kwi-virus ye-aerosols, inqanaba eliphezulu lokuhluza into yokucoca, iphezulu i-CADR yesicoci somoya, kwaye ngcono umphumo wokucoca.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-23-2022