Ukususela ekwindla, i-mycoplasma pneumonia yabantwana ikhula kakhulu, abantwana abaninzi baye bagula ixesha elide, abazali banexhala, abazi ukuba bajongane njani.Ingxaki yokunganyangeki ngamachiza kunyango lwe-mycoplasma nayo ibangele ukuba eliza losulelo libe yingqwalasela.Makhe sijonge inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma.
1. Yintoni ebangelamycoplasma inyumoniya?Ingaba iyesulela?Ngantoni?
I-Mycoplasma pneumonia kukudumba okubukhali kwemiphunga okubangelwa lusulelo lwe-mycoplasma pneumoniae.I-Mycoplasma yi-microorganism encinci enokuthi iphile ngokuzimeleyo phakathi kweentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya, kwaye i-pathogen ebalulekileyo yosulelo lwendlela yokuphefumla ebantwaneni, kodwa enyanisweni, akusiyo i-pathogenic microorganism esanda kuvela, minyaka yonke, unyaka wonke, rhoqo kwi-3 ukuya kwe-5. iminyaka ingaba yindyikityha encinci, kwaye izinga lezehlo liya kuba ngamaxesha ama-3 ukuya kuma-5 aphezulu kunesiqhelo ngexesha lobhubhane.Kulo nyaka, iziganeko zehlabathi jikelele ze-mycoplasma zikhula, kwaye zineempawu zobudala, kwaye kulula ukugqabhuka kwii-kindergartens kunye nezikolo, ngoko ke abantwana ngabona maqela okukhusela e-mycoplasma pneumonia.I-Mycoplasma pneumonia sisifo esosulelayo esizibekela umda kwaye sikwasuleleka, sisasazwa ngokudibana ngokusondeleyo nomlomo kunye neempumlo okanye ngamathontsi aphuma emoyeni aphuma emlonyeni kunye neempumlo.Esi sifo sihlala sikhula emva kweeveki ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3.Emva kwendyikitya yesifo esibulalayo,bambalwa abantu abanxiba iimaski, ukudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokusasazeka kwe-mycoplasma.
2. Ngubani onokuchaphazeleka kwinyumoniya ye-mycoplasma?Leliphi ixesha lonyaka izehlo eziphezulu ze-mycoplasma pneumonia?Ziziphi iimpawu?
Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-4 ukuya kwengama-20 kunokwenzeka ukuba bafumane inyumoniya ye-mycoplasma, kodwa umntwana omncinane lusana olunenyanga enye.Inani lamatyala liqala ukwanda ehlotyeni kwaye liphezulu ekwindla okanye ebusika.Abantwana abane-mycoplasma pneumoniae usulelo lwe-pneumonia kwiimpawu zobudala ezahlukeneyo azifani, kakhuluiimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngumkhuhlane, ukukhohlela.Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu ze-pulmonary zabantwana bokuqala azibonakali, zihlala zingahoywa, kwaye abazali banokusebenzisa kakubi i-antibiotics ngokusekelwe kumava okubangela amayeza angasebenziyo, njengamachiza e-penicillin, i-amoxicillin, i-amoxicillin clavulanate potassium, i-piperacillin, njl., kuba i-penicillin ayinayo impembelelo yonyango kwi-mycoplasma, kulula ukulibazisa isifo.Iimpawu zokuqala zabantwana abancinci ukukhohlela kunye nesikhohlela, zikhatshwa kukuphefumla, ukuphefumla emiphungeni, kwaye ubushushu bomzimba ubukhulu becala buphakathi kwe-38.1 kunye ne-39 ° C, yifiva ephakathi.Udonga lwe-bronchial lwabantwana luyi-inelastic, uxinzelelo lwe-exhalation yenza i-lumen ibe mxinwa, i-secretion ayilula ukuyikhupha, kwaye kulula ukubonakala i-atelectasis kunye ne-emphysema, ukuba idibene nosulelo lwebhaktheriya, kwaye inokukhokelela kwi-empyema.Kubantwana abadadlana, uphawu lokuqala lukhohlokhohlo olukhatshwa ngumkhuhlane okanye iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 kamva, ubukhulu becala umkhuhlane okanye ukhohlokhohlo olomileyo oluqhubekayo.Inani elincinci labantwana abanokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwesifo, ubunzima bokuphefumla kunye nezinye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo, kufuneka zihlawulwe ingqwalasela enkulu.Kwaye ikota yabantwana ine-rashes, i-meningitis, i-myocarditis kunye nezinye izibonakaliso ezingaphandle kwepulmonary.
3. Kurhaneleka ukuba yi-mycoplasma pneumonia ukuya esibhedlele leliphi isebe?
Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala ukuba babone izifo zabantwana, ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-14 ubudala banokuya kwisebe lokuphefumula ukuxilongwa kunye nonyango, iimpawu ezinzulu zingabhaliswa kwisebe likaxakeka.Emva kokubonisana nokuxilongwa ngugqirha, unokufuna ukuya kwisebe lokujonga imifanekiso kunye nelebhu yeklinikhi ukuze enze ezinye iimvavanyo ezincedisayo.Yiya elabhoratri ukuvavanya i-serum mycoplasma antibody (IgM antibody), inkqubo yegazi, i-hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).I-Serum antibodies kwi-mycoplasma, ukuba inkulu kune-1: 64, okanye i-4-fold-fold in the titer ngexesha lokubuyisela, ingasetyenziselwa njengesalathisi sokuxilonga;Iziphumo zesiqhelo zegazi zijolise kwinani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (WBC), ngokuqhelekileyo ziqhelekileyo, zinokwandiswa kancinane, kwaye ezinye ziya kuba ngaphantsi kancinane, oku kwahlukile kusulelo lwebhaktiriya, usulelo lwebhaktheriya iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ziya kunyuka ngokubanzi;I-CRP iya kuphakanyiswa kwi-pneumonia ye-mycoplasma, kwaye ukuba ikhulu kune-40mg / L, ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela i-pneumonia ye-mycoplasma ephikisayo.Olunye uvavanyo lunokukhangela i-enzymes ye-myocardial, isibindi kunye nokusebenza kwezintso, okanye ukubona ngokuthe ngqo i-mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen kwiisampuli zokuphefumula zokuxilongwa kwangaphambili kunye nokukhawuleza.Ngokwemfuno, i-electrocardiogram, i-electroencephalogram, i-X-ray yesifuba, i-CT yesifuba, i-urinary system color ultrasound kunye nezinye iimviwo ezikhethekileyo zinokwenziwa.
4. Unyango lwe-mycoplasma pneumonia kubantwana
Emva kokuxilongwa kwenyumoniya ye-mycoplasma, kuyimfuneko ukulandela ingcebiso kagqirha yonyango lwe-anti-infective drug, ukhetho lokuqala luyi-macrolides, iziyobisi ezaziwayo ze-erythromycin, ezinokulawula ukuveliswa kweprotheni ye-mycoplasma kwaye inqanda ukwenzeka ukudumba.Okwangoku, i-azithromycin isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimisebenzi yeklinikhi, enokungena ngokukodwa kwindawo yokuvuvukala, igweme iintsilelo ze-erythromycin, kwaye isebenze ngakumbi kwaye ikhuselekile kune-erythromycin.Qaphela ukuba ungasebenzisi antibiotics emanzini ashushu;Musa ukuthatha ngobisi, i-enzyme yobisi kunye namanye amalungiselelo ebhaktheriya asebenzayo;Musa ukusela ijusi kwiiyure ezingama-2 zokuthatha i-antibiotics, udle iziqhamo, kuba ijusi yesithelo iqukethe i-asidi yeziqhamo, isantya sokuchithwa kwe-antibiotics, ichaphazela ukusebenza;Kwakhona kuphephe iviniga kunye neziyobisi kunye nokutya okuqulethe utywala, okufana namanzi e-Huoxiang Zhengqi, iwayini yerayisi, njl.
Unyango oluneempawu ezifana nokunciphisa umkhuhlane, ukukhululeka kokukhohlela kunye nokunciphisa i-phlegm kunokunikwa ngaphambi kokuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo.Ukuba i-antibody ye-mycoplasma ine-positive, i-azithromycin kufuneka inikwe ngeqondo le-10mg ngekhilogram yobunzima bomzimba ukwenzela ukulwa nosulelo.Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-azithromycin infusion iyadingeka.Kwakhona kunokunyangwa ngamayeza esintu aseTshayina, kodwa ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu kwimiphunga ye-mycoplasma pneumonia, iimeko ezinzima zinokudibaniswa ne-pleural effusion, i-atelectasis, inyumoniya ye-necrotic, njl. Okwangoku, iyeza laseNtshona linconywa njengonyango oluphambili .
Emva konyango, abantwana abane-mycoplasma pneumoniae abasayi kuba nomkhuhlane kunye nokukhohlela, kwaye iimpawu zokuphefumla zinyamalale ngokupheleleyo ngaphezu kweentsuku ezi-3, akukhuthazwa ukuba uqhubeke nokuthatha amachiza okulwa ne-antibacterial ukuphepha ukuxhathisa.
5. Yintoni ukutya kwabantwana abane-mycoplasma pneumonia kufuneka banikele ingqalelo?
Ngexesha le-mycoplasma pneumonia, izigulane ezinokusetyenziswa okukhulu ngokomzimba, ukongiwa kokutya kubaluleke kakhulu.Ukutya okunobunzululwazi kunye nengqiqo kuluncedo kakhulu ekubuyiselweni kwesi sifo, kufuneka komeleze isondlo, kunye neekhalori eziphezulu, ezityebileyo kwiivithamini, ukutya okulula ulwelo kunye nokutya okumanzi, kunokutya ngokufanelekileyo imifuno entsha, iziqhamo, ukutya okuneprotheyini ephezulu kunye nokutya okunesondlo. ukunceda ukomeleza ukhuseleko lokutya.Kubantwana abane-mycoplasma pneumonia, abazali kufuneka baphakamise intloko yomntwana xa besondla ukukhusela ukukhahlela kunye nokuphefumula.Ukuba umntwana one-mycoplasma pneumonia unokutya okungahambi kakuhle okanye akakwazi ukutya, ukongezwa kwesondlo somzali kunokumiselwa ngugqirha.
Sifanele sinikele ingqalelo ngakumbi kwisondlo sabantwana abane-mycoplasma pneumonia, sinikele ingqalelo ekudleni, kwaye singadli ukutya okungenakudliwa, ukuze kungabi nzima ukuphuhliswa kwesi sifo.Abantwana abagulayo badla ngokungabi namdla wokutya, abazali badla ngokuzonakalisa zonke iintlobo zolwaneliseko, kodwa ukutya okuthile kuyafuneka ukuze kuphetshwe.
6. Indlela yokukhusela impilo yokuphefumula yabantwana kunye nokukhusela i-mycoplasma pneumonia?
(1) Ukwandisa ukhuseleko:
Abantwana abane-immunity ephantsi banokuchaphazeleka kwi-mycoplasma pneumonia, ngoko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuphucula ukhuseleko lomzimba.Ukomeleza umthambo, utye imifuno kunye neziqhamo, ukongeza iiprotheyini ezikumgangatho ophezulu, zonke ziindlela zokuphucula ukugonyeka kwazo;Kwangaxeshanye ukuphepha ukuhla kwe-immunity yabo, ukutshintsha amaxesha okanye utshintsho lwemozulu xa bephuma, ukongeza iimpahla ngexesha lokuthintela ukubanda nokubanda;
(2) Nika ingqalelo ekutyeni okunempilo:
Ukugcina imikhwa emihle yokutya, utye imifuno kunye neziqhamo ezitsha kunye nokunye ukutya okunempilo, ungadli ukutya okuneziqholo, okunamafutha, okuluhlaza kunye okubandayo, ukutya okunokulinganisela, ukutya okuqhelekileyo.Ungatya ukutya okuninzi okunesondlo emiphunga, okufana neSydney kunye neradish emhlophe, ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela;
(3) Gcina imikhwa emihle yokuphila nokufunda:
Ukusebenza kunye nokuphumla rhoqo, indibaniselwano yomsebenzi kunye nokuphumla, phumla umoya, qinisekisa ukulala ngokwaneleyo.Imozulu yasekwindla nasebusika yomile, uthuli olusemoyeni luphezulu, kwaye i-mucosa yempumlo yomntu kulula ukonakala.Sela amanzi amaninzi ukugcina i-mucosa yeempumlo ifumile, enokuthi ixhathise ngokufanelekileyo ukuhlaselwa kweentsholongwane, kwaye incede ukukhupha i-toxins emzimbeni kunye nokucoca indawo yangaphakathi;
(4) Umthambo ofanelekileyo:
Ukuzivocavoca umzimba kunceda ukugcina inkqubo yokuphefumla isempilweni, yonyusa imetabolism, kwaye iphucula ukuxhathisa kwezifo.Imithambo yeAerobic efana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, ukutsiba intambo, i-aerobics, ukudlala ibhola yomnyazi, ukuqubha, kunye ne-karate inokuphucula ukusebenza kwemiphunga, iphucule umthamo wokufunxa ioksijini, kunye nokwandisa amandla okusebenza kwenkqubo yokuphefumla.Emva kokuzivocavoca, nikela ingqalelo ukomisa ukubila ngexesha lokufudumala;Umthambo ofanelekileyo wangaphandle, kodwa hayi umthambo onzima.
(5) Ukhuseleko olulungileyo:
Ukuqwalasela ukuba i-mycoplasma isasazwa kakhulu ngamaconsi, ukuba kukho izigulane ezinomkhuhlane kunye nokukhohlela, ukubulawa kweentsholongwane kunye nokuzihlukanisa kufuneka kuthathwe ngexesha.Zama ukungayi kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezixineneyo;Ukuba akukho meko zikhethekileyo, zama ukunxiba imaski ukunciphisa ithuba losulelo;
(6) Nikela ingqalelo kucoceko lobuqu:
Ucoceko lobuqu olufanelekileyo kunye nococeko lokusingqongileyo, hlamba izandla rhoqo, hlamba rhoqo, tshintsha iimpahla rhoqo, kwaye zomise iimpahla rhoqo.Hlamba izandla zakho ngamanzi abalekayo nesepha ngoko nangoko emva kokuphuma kwindlu yangasese ngaphambi kokuba utye, emva kokuba uphumile, emva kokukhohlela, ukuthimla, nasemva kokucoca impumlo yakho ukunciphisa ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.Musa ukubamba iindawo zobuso ezifana nomlomo, impumlo namehlo ngezandla ezimdaka ukunciphisa amathuba osulelo.Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ezixineneyo, sebenzisa itshefu okanye iphepha ukuvala umlomo neempumlo ukunciphisa isitshizi;Musa ukutshica naphi na ukuthintela iintsholongwane ekungcoliseni umoya kwaye zosulele abanye;
(7) Gcina umgangatho womoya omhle wangaphakathi:
Nika ingqalelo kwigumbi lokungena umoya ukuze unciphise ukuhlasela kwe-pathogen.Ikwindla yomile kwaye inothuli, kwaye ii-microorganisms ezahlukeneyo ze-pathogenic kunye ne-allergens zinokuqhotyoshelwa kumasuntswana othuli kwaye zingene kwindlela yomoya ngokuphefumla.Kufuneka rhoqo ukuvula iingcango kunye neeWindows, umoya wokungena komoya, ixesha ngalinye lokungena komoya le-15 ukuya kwimizuzu engama-30, gcina ukujikeleza komoya okhoyo.Ungasebenzisa rhoqo i-vinegar fumigation, ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kunye nezinye i-disinfection yomoya wangaphakathi, i-ultraviolet disinfection kufuneka ibe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukukhetha kwi-disinfection yangaphakathi, ukuba umntu ungaphakathi kwigumbi, nikela ingqalelo ukukhusela amehlo.Izinto ezingcolisayo emoyeni ezifana nothuli, umsi kunye neekhemikhali zingabangela umonakalo kwinkqubo yokuphefumula, musa ukuhlala kwindawo engcolileyo ixesha elide.Amanyathelo afana nokucoca rhoqo indawo yekhaya, ukugcina umoya, ukusebenzisa izicoci zomoya okanye izityalo zangaphakathi kunokunciphisa izinto ezinobungozi emoyeni wangaphakathi;
(8) Sukuma kude nomsi wecuba:
Ukutshaya kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemiphunga kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo sokuphefumla.Ukukhusela abantwana kwicuba lecuba kunokuphucula kakhulu impilo yabo yokuphefumla.
(9) Ugonyo:
Isitofu sokugonya soMkhuhlane, isitofu sokugonya inyumoniya kunye nezinye izitofu zokugonya kufuneka zitofwe ngokweemeko zabo ukuthintela usulelo lokuphefumla ngowona mlinganiselo mkhulu.
Ngamafutshane, ukuphuculwa kokugonyeka kwakho ngundoqo.Kwi-mycoplasma pneumonia, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo epheleleyo kuyo kwaye akufuneki sibe novalo kakhulu.Nangona idumile, umonakalo unqongophele, uninzi lunokuziphilisa, kwaye kukho unyango olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-03-2023